Integrating V3-V4 and V4 16S datasets for large-scale meta-analysis: Is Greengenes2 the optimal choice for cross-region alignment?

  1. Context & Motivation
    I am currently working on a large-scale meta-analysis involving hundreds of projects and over 10,000 samples. My dataset is a mixture of:

V3-V4 region (e.g., amplicons from 341F/805R)

V4 region (e.g., amplicons from 515F/806R)

The primary goal is to perform a unified analysis across all studies, including alpha/beta diversity and taxonomic comparisons.

  1. The Challenge
    As these datasets target different (though overlapping) hypervariable regions, simply merging the feature tables leads to massive batch effects. Previously, the "standard" approach was to use qiime feature-classifier extract-reads to trim V3-V4 sequences down to the V4 region. However, I am concerned about the potential loss of taxonomic resolution and the strictness of primer-based trimming for such a diverse dataset.

  2. Proposed Strategy: Greengenes2
    I am planning to use the Greengenes2 (GG2) framework (via q2-greengenes2). My understanding is that the non-v4-v4-asvs pipeline can perform phylogenetic placement of these disparate fragments into a single unified backbone tree.

My logic is: By anchoring both V3-V4 and V4 ASVs to the same reference phylogeny, they should become comparable in a shared coordinate system without manual trimming.

  1. Specific Questions
    Is Greengenes2 currently considered the "Gold Standard" for handling mixed-region 16S meta-analyses?

Taxonomic Consistency: In your experience, how well do V3-V4 and V4 reads from the same biological source cluster together once placed on the GG2 tree?

Computational Performance: Given the scale of ~10,000 samples and potentially hundreds of thousands of ASVs, are there specific memory or threading considerations for the non-v4-v4-asvs or fragment-insertion steps?

Thank you for your time and for developing these incredible tools!