For the time being, I recommend using RESCRIPt to build a 138.1 classifier on your own. This is what we use to build the pre-trained classifiers, and 138.1 is the current default when using the get-silva-data action in that plugin. You can follow this tutorial:
The pre-trained classifiers will be updated to use 138.1 at some point in a future QIIME 2 release.