Yes. It is likely you do not have enough memory on your system. In my experience it is not unusual to require anywhere from 24 - 64 GB RAM. If you do not have access to a machine with more memory you can try using alternative means of classification through the feature-classifier plugin.
You can shrink the memory footprint a couple of ways:
Remove / Filter taxonomic groups you are not interested in (e.g. Eukaryota) prior to making your classifier.
You can use qiime taxa filter-seqs for this.
Do not include the organism name a the species label (i.e. do not use the --p-include-species-labels when constructing your SILVA reference database). These may not be reliable anyway, as SILVA only curates down to genus-level.
This script is intended to filter reference sequences based on the length of that sequence given the taxonomy provided, and leave the rest of the data as is. That is, your command would only filter Bacteria based on the length you specified, all other data will remain in your final output file. This is why I recommended qiime taxa filter-seqs.
If you would like to use qiime rescript filter-seqs-length-by-taxon, then you could use the following command by just setting impossibly high sequence lengths for the other taxonomic groups. But this would end up being much slower than the command I recommended as it will have to check the taxonomy of each entry, and then check the sequence length before it makes the decision to filter.
The easiest approach, as I suggested earlier, would be to do this just prior to making your classifier. This way you do not have to re-run several steps. So, do this between steps 6 and 7.
Additionally, you can check out the QIIME 2 documentation, and work through the tutorials.
You can view a list of all available QIIME 2 plugins and actions. Here is the information for the qiime taxa filter-seqs command. Do not forget you can add --help to any of the qiime commands to read the help text.