I plan to play around with different R packages to visualize PCOA plots. I've exported my unifrac_pcoa_results into ordination.txt files. But I'm unsure how to read them once imported into excel/and how to prepare them for said packages. What columns would be equal to X/Y/Z? I assume that would be the first three columns, and if so, what do the rest mean?
So your ordination results will include N number of dimensions (depending on what you specified when running qiime pcoa). By default, this is equal to the number of dimensions of the distance matrix you provided, with each axis representing some amount of variation. Lower axes provide higher variation, while higher axes provide lower variation.
These results are commonly visualized in either 2 or 3 dimensions (which I'm assuming is what you're asking about when referring to X/Y/Z) - which would correspond to the first three (non-index) columns in your ordination results.
Hopefully this is helpful clarification, but please let me know if you have additional questions!