how is consensus calculated in qiime feature-classifier classify-consensus-blast

Thank you for your patience.

It's the fraction of hits that all list the same taxonomy result.

Paraphrased from this section of the paper:

A consensus taxonomy is then assigned by determining the taxonomic lineage on which at least min_consensus of the aligned sequences agree. This consensus taxonomy is truncated at the taxonomic level at which less than min_consensus of taxonomies agree.

For example, if a query sequence is classified with maxaccepts = 3 and gives these his:
f__Lactobacillaceae; g__Lactobacillus; s__brevis.
f__Lactobacillaceae; g__Lactobacillus; s__brevis.
f__Lactobacillaceae; g__Lactobacillus; s__delbrueckii.
The taxonomy label assigned with min_consensus = 0.51 would be
f__Lactobacillaceae; g__Lactobacillus; s__brevis.
However, if min_consensus = 0.99, the taxonomy would be
f__Lactobacillaceae; g__Lactobacillus.