How do I check adapter and primer presence in sequences?

Potentially.

If you look at the verbose output, you'll see a list of numbers. These indicate where in the sequence many of the primers were trimmed. If they are not regularly being trimmed from the 5' end, then that is a good indication that the primers are already trimmed.

Alternatively, your sequencing company may be sequencing with a mixed-orientation protocol. That is not all the reads in R1 are actually from the forward primer, but the reverse primer too. You can test this by re-running entering both primers like so:

--p-front CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG GACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC

If your trimming summary improves... then this means your data is in mixed orientation. Meaning the forward and reverse reads are mixed between your R1 and R2 files. Then you'll need to find a way to get these reads in the same direction.

If nothing improves, then it is likely that the sequencing protocol used does not read through the primer. You sequencing company should provide you with the details on this.