Very sorry for the delay, I lost track of this topic
XFS is among the most reliable filesystems ever made, so its definitely not that!
The disk is a little bit full, I wonder if it is possible that an out-of-disk error occurred first but was caught and ignored somewhere, eventually resulting in the error you see.
If you repeat this action, do you see the same issue? Is this drive a removable disk? Is there any chance it was accidentally removed (or otherwise disabled/unavailable) during the commands execution?
If you set your TMPDIR to another location, does that help? (I'm assuming you already know how to change this as your current temporary directory isn't the default, but if that isn't the case, let me know! as that is maybe an additional clue).