@Lei is correct, the issue is with installing devtools, but to spot the issue we would need to know the exact error messages that preceeed the non-zero exit status and information about your operating system. You can side step devtools by downloading the source directly from github here, and then installing from the local file as below:
download.file("https://github.com/jbisanz/qiime2R/archive/master.zip", "source.zip")
unzip("source.zip")
install.packages("qiime2R-master", repos = NULL, type="source")
The only catch in doing this is it may not be able to find necessary dependencies, which you can manually install. There are listed here under imports.