Thank you for your detailed post, including quality graphs. 
Not that I know of... The issus is that many Qiime2 pluging are pipelines that do multiple things at once (e.g. cutadapt), so you may not have as much control as if you were using the original program...
I think both cutadapt and vsearch could do this outside of Qiime2 using their full set of options.
Check out RESCRIPt. I wonder if one of these options would be an even better fit for your data set...
qiime rescript filter-seqs-length-by-taxon
qiime feature-classifier extract-reads